This bird’s-eye view of Augusta, Maine depicts the city as it appeared fifty-one years after becoming the state capitol of Maine. Named for the daughter of Henry Dearborn, the fifth United States Secretary of War and veteran of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, Augusta was part of a region known as “the fort” after British Fort Western was built on the eastern bank of the Kennebec River in 1754, at the beginning of the French and Indian War.
The abundant streams in the area provided water power to mills, with numerous saw mills established in the 1830's and 1840's. Five years after this map was published, the A. & W. Sprague Saw Mill (referenced on the map) was purchased to manufacture bricks and textiles.
The temperance movement was flourishing across America during this era, evident in the excerpt below from the “Daily Kennebec Journal” of Augusta, dated January 11, 1878:
“STATE TEMPERANCE CONVENTION”
“The several temperance organizations, the temperance workers, and all the friends of temperance in Maine, are invited to meet in mass convention, at Granite Hall, in Augusta, on Wednesday and Thursday, January 23rd and 24th (1878), commencing at 11 o-clock on Wednesday.
The temperance cause was never more prosperous in the state than now, for which we should be most profoundly grateful. Still there are important subjects which will demand our attention. Shall we ask for any change or amendments in the prohibitory law? Shall we protest against granting license to sell intoxication liquors, to the druggists? Shall we ask for any more stringent penal ties to be inflicted upon persons found intoxicated? These and other important questions will doubtless demand the attention of the convention.
Let there be a general rally. The usual reduction of fare on the railroads may be expected.
De. B. Randall, Berwick.
Joshua Nye, Augusta.
L. R. King, Caribon.
Edward Hills, Thomaston.
John S. Kimball, Bangor.
George E. Brackett, Belfast.
Frank Kenrick, Fairfield.
Wm. J. Corthell, Calais.
Eli Jones, South China.
Jordan Rand, Lisbon.
E. W. Stetson, Damariscolla.
Henry Tallman, Beth.
Owen B. Chadvourne, Suce.
E. C. Farrington, Fryburg.
J. S. Wheelwright, Bangor.
State Temperance Committee”
Features numbered & lettered references to the following locations:
• State Capitol
• Court House
• Jail
• High School
• Ward Schools
• Hospital for the Insane
• U. S. Arsenal
• Railroad Depot
• Cemetery
• Cony Female Academy
• Alms House
• St. Catharines Hall
• St. Marks Home
• A. W. Spragues Cotton Mills
• Furniture Factory
• Grist Mill
• J. P. Wyman’s Sash & Door Factory
• Gas Works
• T. Lambard’s Car Works
• Sturgess & Lambard’s Saw Mill
• R. R. Roundhouse & Machine Shop
• Stone Tool Works
• Machine Shop
• Carriage Factory
• Boot & Shoe Factory
• Cony House
• North & Davis House
• Augusta House CHURCHES:
• Christian
• Congregational
• First Baptist
• Free Baptist
• St. Marks
• Methodist, E.
• Roman Catholic
• Unitarian
• Universalist