Incorporated as Berwick in 1713, the town was named for Berwick-on-Tweed, a town on the Anglo-Scottish border. The Abenaki name for the region was Newichawannock, which meant "river with many falls". The presence of the Salmon Falls River led to settlement in about 1631. William Chadbourne, James Wall and John Goddard built a grist mill and sawmill on Assabumbadoc Falls in 1634. Richard Leader expanded the mill in 1651 to accommodate up to 20 saws. The "Great Mill Workes" was run by Scottish prisoners of war that had been captured by Oliver Cromwell's armies during the Battle of Dunbar in 1650 and brought as slaves to work in the colonies.
South Berwick was set uff and incorporated in 1814 and North Berwick was set off and incorporated in 1831. Numerous mills were erected, producing cotton textiles, lumber and manufactured goods. Their began a symbiotic relationship with Somersworth (Great Falls), New Hampshire, with a bridge connecting the two towns. The Portsmouth Manufacturing Co. that is referenced on the map was established in 1831, producing two million yards of cotton sheeting per year by 1868. The mill closed in 1893, with most of its buildings razed in 1917. The surviving Greek Revival style counting house now houses the Old Berwick Historical Society Museum.
Features numbered & lettered references to the following locations:
Town Hall.
High School.
Orange St. School.
Primary Schools.
B. & M. Rail Road Depot.
Eastern Rail Road Depot.
Baptist Church.
F. W. Baptist Church.
Congregational Church.
1st Methodist Church.
2nd Methodist Church.
Roman Catholic Church.
Great Falls, Manufacturing Co. Cotton Mills, J. Comnock, Agent.
Great Falls Woolen Mills Co., E. Hargraves, Agent.
Somersworth Foundry & Machine Co., M. G. Burleigh, Agent.
Wright & Co.'s Flour & Grain Mills.
G. W. Hubbard & Co.'s Planing Mills, Sash and Door Factory.
Gas Works.
Reservoir.
Great Falls Hotel, R. H. Hussey, Proprietor.
Granite State House, T. S. Wentworth, Proprietor.
High School House.
Primary School House.
Methodist Church.
Cemetery.
Grant's Hotel, E. Grant, Proprietor.
L. M. & D. H. Nute's Shoe Manufactory.
L. R. Hersom's Tannery & Wool Pulling Works.
E. N. Higley's Machine Shops.
S. P. Horn's Sash & Door Manufactory.
J. R. Horn's Saw Planing & Lumber Mills.
L. C. Horn's Planing Mills & Lumber Yards.
Blaisdell & Bartlett's Planing Mills & Sash & Door Factory.
Scott's Reed Manufactory.
J. A. Fall's, Candy Manufactory.
O. H. Butler's Soap Manufactory.
F. M. Clark's Carriage Manufactory.