The population of Illinois in 1860 was 1,723,663. In that year the harvest of Illinois wheat was 35,000,000 bushels and the harvest of Illinois grown corn was 140,000,000 bushels. There were 8,221 school houses in the state with 472,247 public school students.
This map published in 1861 by G.W. Colton shows counties, cities, towns, waterways, and railroads. At the lower left of the map it is stated:
“The agricultural resources of Illinois exceed those of any other state of the Union. 35,000,000 bushels of wheat, and 140,000,000 bushels of corn were produced in 1860. The products sold and sent out of the state exceeded 1,500,000 tons. The area of Illinois is about equal to that of England, and the soil is so rich that it will support twenty million people. The deep,rich loam of the prairies is cultivated with such wonderful facility, that the farmers of the Eastern and Middle States are moving to Illinois in great numbers. One hundred and seven million dollars have been expended on 3,551 miles of railroads within the borders of Illinois; this has been done by private capital. Inasmuch as part of the income from these works with a valuable public fund in land go to diminish the state expenses, the taxes are light, and must every year decrease."